Floral Emblems of the World
Supplied to the Australian National Botanic Gardens by Reuben C. J. LIM following on from his thesis, titled "Official National Biological Emblems of the World",
a final year 2012 undergraduate study
for the
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, working under the supervision of
Associate Professor Hugh T. W. Tan and Dr. Tan Heok Hui.
The results of this two-year project from 2011 to 2013 can be freely obtained as a PDF at Raffles Museum Books under:
Lim, R. C. J., H. H. Tan & H. T. W. Tan, 2013. Official Biological Emblems of the World. Raffles Museum Of Biodiversity Research, National University Singapore, Singapore. 231 pp. Uploaded 7 August 2013. [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/raffles_museum_pub/bioemblems_world.pdf, 40.8 MB]
Country |
Designation |
Declared Name |
Date Declared |
Scientific Name |
Family |
Links (as at 2012) |
Antigua and Barbuda | National Flower | Agave karatto Miller (The Dagger Log's) |
NC | Agave karatto Mill. | Asparagaceae | http://ab.gov.ag/gov_v4/article_details.php?id=179&category=66 |
Argentina | National Flower and Tree | Erythrina crista-galli (Kapok flower, “seibo”, “Seiber”, “Bucaro”) |
23 Dec 1942 | Erythrina crista-galli L. | Leguminosae | |
Australia | National Flower | Acacia pycnantha (Golden Wattle) |
1 Sep 1988 | Acacia pycnantha Benth. | Leguminosae (Mimosaceae) | |
Bahamas | National Flower | Tecoma stans (The Yellow Elder) |
1973-1974 | Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth | Bignoniaceae | |
Bangladesh | National Flower | Nymphaea nouchali (Shapla, Water Lily) |
4 Nov 1972 | Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. | Nymphaeaceae | http://web.archive.org/web/20080330213029/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/constitution/part1.htm |
Barbados | National Flower | Poinciana pulcherrima LINNAEUS syn. Caesalpinia
pulcherrima (L) SWARTZ (Pride of Barbados, Dwarf Poinciana, Flower Fence) |
NC | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. | Leguminosae | |
Belize | National Flower | Encyclia cochleatum (Black Orchid) |
before Aug 1981 | Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E.Higgins | Orchidaceae | |
Bhutan | National Flower | Meconopsis grandis (Udpel Metok, Blue poppy) |
2008 as year changed | Meconopsis grandis Prain | Papaveraceae | http://www.moa.gov.bt/moa/downloads/downloadFiles/MoADownload4zb2682wt.pdf |
Bolivia | National Flower | Cantua buxifolia (Kantuta) |
1 Jan 1924 | Cantua buxifolia Juss. ex Lam. | Polemoniaceae | http://www.embajadadebolivia.com.ar/bolivia_nueva/simpatrios.html |
Bolivia | National Flower | Heliconia rostrata (Patuju) |
27 Apr 1990 | Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav. | Heliconiaceae | http://www.embajadadebolivia.com.ar/bolivia_nueva/simpatrios.html |
Cambodia | National Flower | Mitrella mesnyi (Rumdul) |
21 Mar 2005 | Sphaerocoryne affinis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Ridl. | Annonaceae | |
Chile | National Flower | Lapageria rosea (Copihue) |
24 Feb 1977 | Lapageria rosea Ruiz & Pav. | Philesiaceae |
|
Colombia | National Flower | Cattleya trianae (La Orquídea, The Orchid), |
1936 | Cattleya trianae Linden & Rchb.f. | Orchidaceae | http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/historia/patrios.htm |
Comoros | National Flower | Cananga odorata (ylang ylang) |
NC | Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson | Annonaceae |
|
Costa Rica | National Flower | Guarianthe skinneri (The Purple Orchid) |
15 Jun 1939 | Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W.E.Higgins | Orchidaceae | |
Croatia | National Flower | Iris croatica Horvat
et. Horvat M. (Croatian Iris) |
2002 | Iris croatica Horvat et. Horvat M. | Iridaceae |
|
Cuba | National Flower | Hedychium coronarium (La Mariposa Blanca, The White Butterfly, White Mariposa, Butterfly Jasmine) |
13 Oct 1936 | Hedychium coronarium J.König | Zingiberaceae | http://www.cubatoptravel.com/en/info/cuba-national-symbols.php |
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea | National Flower | Magnolia sieboldii (Mokran) |
NC | Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch | Magnoliaceae |
|
Dominica | National Flower | Sabinea carinalis (Carib Wood, ‘Bwa Kwaib’) |
31 Oct 1978 | Poitea carinalis (Griseb.) Lavin | Leguminosae | |
Dominican Republic | National Flower | Pereskia quisqueyana, Alain (Rosa de Bayahibe) |
12 Jul 2011 | Pereskia quisqueyana Alain | Cactaceae |
|
Ecuador | National Flower | Chuquiraga jussieui (Chuquirahua) |
NC | Chuquiraga jussieui J.F.Gmel. | Compositae |
|
El Salvador | National Flower | Yucca filifera (Flor de Izote) |
21 Dec 1995 | Yucca filifera Chabaud | Asparagaceae | https://sites.google.com/site/svenespanol/flor-nacional-de-el-salvador |
Fiji | National Flower | Medinilla waterhousei (Tagimaucia) |
NC | Medinilla waterhousei Seem. | Melastomataceae |
|
Finland | National Flower | Convallaria majalis (Lily of the valley) |
1967 | Convallaria majalis L. | Asparagaceae |
|
Greece | National Flower | Laurus nobillis (Laurel branch) |
NC | Laurus nobilis L. | Lauraceae |
|
Grenada | National Flower | Bougainvillea glabra, Bougainvillea spectabilis (bougainvillea) |
NC | Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Bougainvillea spectabilis Wil | Nyctaginaceae | |
Guatemala | National Flower | Lycaste skinnery var. alba (Monja Blanca) |
11 Feb 1934 | Lycaste skinneri Lindl. | Orchidaceae | http://www.banguat.gob.gt/en/currency%20and%20bills/monetaryLaw.pdf |
Guyana | National Flower | Victoria amazonica (Victoria Regia) |
Coat of arms: 25 Feb 1966 | Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) J.C. Sowerby | Nymphaeaceae | |
Honduras | National Flower | Brassavola digbiana (Orchid) |
12 Jan 1946 | Rhyncholaelia digbyana (Lindl.) Schltr. | Orchidaceae | |
Iceland | National Flower | Dryas octopetala (Holtasóley, Mountain Aven) |
2 Jun 2006 | Dryas octopetala L. | Rosaceae | |
India | National Flower | Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Lotus) |
26 Jan 1950 | Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. | Nelumbonaceae | http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php/national_symbols.php?id=4 |
Indonesia | National Flower | Jasminum sambac (Jasmine, Melati) |
5 Jun 1990 | Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. | Oleaceae | |
Indonesia | Enchanting National Flower | Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid, Anggrek Bulan) |
NC | Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume | Orchidaceae | |
Indonesia | Rare National Flower | Rafflesia arnoldii (Giant Lotus, Giant Rafflesia, Padma Raksasa) |
NC | Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. | Rafflesiaceae | |
Jamaica | National Flower | Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae) |
28 Mar 1962 | Guaiacum officinale L. | Zygophyllaceae | http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/This%20Is%20Jamaica/symbols.html |
Jordan | National Flower | Iris nigricans (Black Iris) |
NC | Iris nigricans Dinsm. | Iridaceae | |
Kuwait | National Flower | Rhanterium epapposum (arfaj) |
1983 | Rhanterium epapposum Oliv. | Compositae |
|
Lao People’s Democratic Republic | National Flower | Genus Plumeria (Dok Champa, Frangipani) |
NC | Genus Plumeria L. | Apocynaceae | http://www.mofapresscenter.gov.la/view.php?viewFile=./docs/Lao%20National%20Flower%20.html |
Latvia | National Flower | Leucanthemum vulgare (Pipene, Daisy, Margrietiņa) |
NC | Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.) Lam. | Compositae | |
Malaysia | National Flower | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Bunga Raya, Hibiscus) |
28 Jul 1960 | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. | Malvaceae | http://www.treesforlife.gov.my/bgraya_malaysia.php?lang=en&f=5 |
Maldives | National Flower | Rose polyantha (Pink Rose, Finifenmaa) |
25 Jul 1985 | Main Modern Rose Class, Group Polyantha | Rosaceae | |
Mauritius | National Flower | Trochetia boutoniana (Boucle d'Oreille) |
12 Mar 1992 | Trochetia boutoniana Friedmann | Malvaceae | http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/abtmtius?content_id=7c690d31693c8010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD |
Mexico | National Flower | Genus Dahlia (Acocoxóchitl, Acocotli, Xicamiti, Cohuanenepilii, Hichipoztle Flower) |
1963 | Genus Dahlia Cav. | Compositae | |
Myanmar | National Flower | Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Padauk) |
18 Dec 2008 | Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz | Leguminosae |
|
Myanmar | National Flower | Bulbophyllum auricomum (tha zin pan) |
18 Dec 2008 | Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. | Orchidaceae |
|
Myanmar | National Flower | Shorea siamensis (inn gin pan) |
18 Dec 2008 | Pentacme siamensis (Miq.) Kurz. | Dipterocarpaceae |
|
Nepal | National Flower | Rhododendron arboreum (Laali Guraansh) |
NC | Rhododendron arboreum Sm. | Ericaceae |
|
Nicaragua | National Flower | Plumeria rubra f. acutefolia (Sacuanjoche) |
17 Aug 1971 | Plumeria rubra L. | Apocynaceae | |
Nigeria | National Flower | Costus spectabilis | 1 Oct 1960 | Costus spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum. | Costaceae | |
Pakistan | National Flower | Genus Jasminum (Jasmine) |
NC | Genus Jasminum L. | Oleaceae | |
Panama | National Flower | Peristeria elata (Flor del Espiritu Santo, Holy Spirit Orchid) |
21 Oct 1980 | Peristeria elata Hook. | Orchidaceae | |
Peru | National Flower | Cantua buxifolia (Cantuta) |
NC | Cantua buxifolia Juss. ex Lam. | Polemoniaceae |
|
Philippines | National Flower | Jasminum sambac (Sampaguita, Arabian Jasmine) |
1 Feb 1934 | Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. | Oleaceae | |
Republic of Korea | National Flower | Hibiscus syriacus (Mugunghwa, Rose of Sharon) |
NC | Hibiscus syriacus L. | Malvaceae |
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis | National Flower | Delonix regia (Poinciana, Flamboyant) |
Sep 1983 | Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. | Leguminosae | |
Saint Lucia | National Flower | Rose | Sep 1985 | Possibly Genus Rosa L. | Rosaceae | http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/saint_lucia/the_national_flowers.htm |
Saint Lucia | National Flower | Marguerite | Sep 1985 | Possibly Gomphrena globosa L. | Amaranthaceae | http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/saint_lucia/the_national_flowers.htm |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | National Flower | Spachea perforata (Soufriere Tree ) |
NC | Spachea elegans (G. Mey.) Adr. Juss. | Malpighiaceae | http://www.gov.vc/tourism/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=41&Itemid=28 |
Samoa | National Flower | Alpinia purpurata (Teuila) |
NC | Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum. | Zingiberaceae |
|
Seychelles | National Flower | Angraecum eburneum (Payanke, Tropic Bird Orchid) |
NC | Angraecum eburneum Bory | Orchidaceae | |
Singapore | National Flower | Vanda 'Miss Joaquim' | 15 Apr 1981 | Vanda Miss Joaquim | Orchidaceae | |
South Africa | National Flower | Protea cynaroides (Giant or king protea) |
1975 | Protea cynaroides (L.) L. | Proteaceae | |
Sri Lanka | National Flower | Nymphaea nouchali (Nil Mahanel flower, Water Lily) |
26 Feb 1986 | Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. | Nymphaeaceae | http://www.srilankaembassy.org/en/sri-lanka/national-symbols/ |
Suriname | National Flower | Fajalobi | NC | Possibly Ixora coccinea L. (Fajalobbie) | Rubiaceae | |
Taiwan | National Flower | Prunus mume (Plum Blossom) |
21 Jul 1964 | Armeniaca mume Siebold | Rosaceae | http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/0NationalSymbols.pdf |
Thailand | National Flower | Cassia fistula (Ratchaphruek, Khun) |
26 Oct 2001 | Cassia fistula L. | Leguminosae | |
Trinidad and Tobago | National Flower | Warszewiczia coccinea (Chaconia, Wild Poinsetta, Pride of Trinidad and Tobago) |
1962 | Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch | Rubiaceae | |
United States | National Flower | Genus Rosa | 26 Nov 1986 | Possibly Genus Rosa L. | Rosaceae | |
Venezuela | National Flower | Cattleya mossiae (Orchid, Flor de Mayo) |
23 May 1951 | Cattleya mossiae C.Parker ex Hook. | Orchidaceae | |
Yemen | National Flower | Aloe irafensis | 2008 | Aloe irafensis Lavranos, T.A.McCoy & Al-Gifri | Asparagaceae |
|
Zimbabwe | National Flower | Gloriosa superba (Flame Lily, Amakukhulume, Kajongwe) |
1960 as Rhodesia | Gloriosa superba L. | Colchicaceae | http://www.zim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=127&Itemid=185 |